The Ministry of Utmost Happiness: by Arundhati Roy

by | Jan 3, 2018 | Book reviews, caste system, India, Kashmir, religion

This is an extremely good book. Arundhati Roy is furious about two main topics that she has woven together into a ‘shattered’ hodge-podge of stories and anecdotes – some of which could be autobiographical. It is certainly not an easy read or a feel good read; so if you want one of those, this is not it. This is raw India and India appears to be tearing itself apart. This book is certainly not an advertisement for India that cries out ‘come to India, you will love it.’ It is not a travel book.

The India that Arundhati Roy describes is tearing itself apart in its quest for prosperity and national identity. Its prosperity is built on the shattered lives of millions. Lives shattered by caste squabbles, sub-sub-sub-caste squabbles, religious squabbles, sect and sub-sub-sub-sect squabbles, land grabs, hundreds of scams, politicians stirring up fear, ethnic and religious cleansing in their quest for power. Arundhati Roy uses scattered anecdotes to paint a picture of the shattered lives. There is no true story line, no driving narrative except India tearing itself apart. Although she has three or four main characters, she uses a bewildering number of names that march into and out of the text, usually to homelessness, hopelessness, torture and death. Powerful, clear writing. Difficult for the reader – difficult to put down, yearning to be picked up again.

The most heart-wrenching section is on Kashmir – a northern state of India and claimed by Pakistan, and is striving for its independence. Martial law. Graveyards. Hundreds of thousands systematically tortured and murdered. No group comes out of this very well. Arundhati Roy is rightly angry at what India is doing to itself and how all those not directly affected by the latest round of cruelty calmly look away. ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Shield Shrimp

When it rains across Australia’s vast inland region, temporary pools crop up all over the arid ground, giving life to a strange desert crustacean known as the shield shrimp (Triops australiensis).

Named after the formidable carapace that shields its head and upper body, T. australiensis can grow up to 7.6 cm long, and it uses its long, segmented tail and mass of 60 or so legs to propel itself through shallow water.

It also breathes through these legs – its sub-class Branchiopoda means ‘gill-legged’ – and in the females these legs bear ovisacs for carrying their tiny eggs.

Several pix in the Photo Gallery and a movie.

Acacia peuce

A rare and endangered plant. The tree grows up to 15 to 18 metres (49 to 59 ft) high, with short horizontal branches and pendulous branchlets covered in needle-like phyllodes adapted for the arid dry climate. It has a distinctive habit more similar to a sheoak or a conifer.

Although speculated to have been widespread across central Australia during wetter climates 400,000 years ago, the population is now mostly restricted to three sites, separated by the encroaching Simpson Desert. In the Northern Territory, the species is restricted to the Mac Clark (Acacia peuce) Conservation Reserve which is surrounded by a pastoral lease, Andado Station. The other two sites are near Boulia and Birdsville in Queensland. The tree is found in open arid plains that usually receive less than 150 millimetres (5.9 in) of rain per annum. They grow on shallow sand aprons overlaying gibber or clay slopes and plains and between longitudinal dunes or on alluvial flats between ephemeral watercourses.

 

Owen Springs Reserve on Hugh River

Owen Springs was a station on the Hugh River. The Hugh River flows into the Finke (when it actually flows). Both cut through the Western MacDonnell Ranges. The image above shows Owen Springs Reserve as a dot at lower right. The river it is next to is the Hugh. Hermannsburg, our next town, is near middle left edge. Hermannsburg is almost on the Finke River. You can see both Hugh and Finke Rivers cutting through sections of MacDonnell Ranges.

Palm Valley

Palm Valley is within the Finke Gorge National Park southwest of Alice Springs. Palm Valley has a smallish population of Red Cabbage Palms (Livistona mariae). The nearest related species is 850 kilometres away in Katherine NT. The average rainfall for Palm Valley is just 200 mm per year. Small pockets of semi-permanent spring-fed pools allow the unique flora and fauna (desert fish, shield shrimps tadpoles and frogs) to survive.

It had been assumed that the cabbage palms were remnants of a prehistoric time when the climate supported tropical rainforest in what is now the arid inland of Australia. Genetic analysis published in 2012 determined that Livistona mariae at Palm Valley is actually the same species as Livistona rigida from samples collected near Katherine and Mount Isa, both around 1,000 kilometres (620 mi) away. It is now thought that aboriginal people brought the palms to here from Mataranka.

Mound Springs

Mound Springs occur around the Western edge of the Great Artesian Basin and represent a natural discharge of Artesian water that was captured many hundreds of kilometers away from rain falling along the Great Dividing Range and New Guinea. This article provides details. Dalhousie is an excellent example of a mound spring.

Great Artesian Basin map Great Artesian Basin diagram